While digging trenches at Castle Tîrgu two metres from the southern boundary wall, we discovered Stone Age tools, settlements and cairns. The tools, both stone and bone were C-14 dated to mid-4th millenium B.C.E.. Though the culture that developed these tools had existed in the general area since the 5th millenium B.C.E., the areas around Tîrgu were not inhabited till one and a half millenium later. The entire hill, it seems, was a good area to set up an defendable encampment and eventually begin farming the land. The slash and burn agricultural advancement meant no longer being solely reliant on the migrations of game animals.

The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic was characterised by the use of polished stone tools, crop growing and raising of livestock. In addition the recorded use of ceramics, including Brown Ceramics, in the area of Tîrgu, ushered in the Neolithic Period and the time when the land became more settled (Figure 1).

The culture that established iteslf in the Tîrgu area is called the Pre-Cutieni. This culture lived simply in small shelters and lived adequately. They used mainly flint and wooden tools. After the introduction of the bow and arrow, the more advanced culture of the Cutieni developed. This period is also marked with the introduction of different forms of music, including the carawarren - a fore-runner to the cello, and periods of travel and transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age (Ancient Greek), also known as the Souavelithic period, though a short time, was a period of great advancement.

After 3500 B.C.E., the culture developed into the Cutieni (Figure 2) with its more advanced Brown Ceramics Type II and initial use of copper to make axe heads and tools. Also written communication makes an abrupt gain, using many materials including carved stone, wood and bone.